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Narrative Text
Communicative Purpose :To tell a story about something or someone,To amuse or entertain the readers or listeners
Text Organization
- Orientation :Sets the scene (where and when the story happen) and introduce the participants of the story (who and what is involved in the story )
- Complication :Tells the beginning of the problem which leads to the crisis (climac) of the main participants.
- Resolution :Provides solution to the problem either in a happy ending or in sad (tragic) ending.
- Re-orientation :(optional) gives a closing remark to the story. It consists of a moral lesson or advice.
Example of Narrative Texts :Short stories, folk tales,legend,myths,fables,novels,cartoon strips,picture books,
Language Featutes :
- Past tense,e.g. the lion woke up and grabbed the mouse in his sharp claws.
- Nouns, lions, mouse, hunter, etc,
- Pronouns, it, you,he .etc.
- Noun pharases, sleeping lion,the grateful mouse, a strong net,,,etc.
- Time connective and conjunctions, one day,some time,then, a long time ago,when, first,finally,,
- Adjective, small, helpess, etc..
- Adverbs. Sadly,angrily,..
- Adverbial pharases of time and place..,a few days ago, in the forest,etc,,
- Material processes ( action verb) grabbed,ran,arrived,ate,went,,,,
- Verbal processes ( saying verbs) asked,said,told,,,
- Thinking verbs,feeling verbs,verbs of sense , the lion felt hungry , the mouse thought he was clever, the hunter smelt something burning.
- Direct speech. Please don’t eat me”begged the mouse.
- Indirect speech., the mouse begged the lion not to eat him.
Contoh Narrative Texts 1
Cinderella
Once upon a time there was a beautifull girl called Cinderella .she lived with her stepsisters and stepmother. They were very bossy.she had to do all the homework.
One day an invation to the ball come to the family. Her stepsister did not let her go.cinderella was very sad. The stepsister went to the ball without her.
Fortunately, the fairy godmother came and helped her to get to the ball. At the ball, Cinderella danced with the prince. The prince fell in love with her and then he married her.they lived happily ever after.
Contoh Narrative Texts 2
Girl in the mirror
One day I wast at a party when somebody dared me to got into the bedroom in the basement,
Turn off the lights, and close the door. I had stayed there for five minutes, after about a minute, the lights started
Flicker on and off. I was sure it was one of my friends playing a trick on me. About the third time the lights flickered ,
I noticed a beautiful girl in the mirror and her hand was reaching toward me. I heard a voice but I had a hard
Time to understand. I finally realized that the girl was uttering “ bewere , he’s coming “ I felt a tap on my back
And all of a sudden, she was gone .I ran out screaming and my friend made fun of me.
The next night when my family was asleep, it rained so heavily and my cat, rosie was dead.
Recount Text
Communicative purpose :To reconstruct past experience by retelling events in the order in which they have occurred.
Text Organization
- Orientation :Introduces who were involved in the story.when and when the story happened.
- Events :Tell what happened in a choronological order
- Evalution : Gives comments of the writer or speaker about the experience.
- Re-orientation :(optional) provides the conclusion of the experience.
Example of Recount Texts :Incident report, newspaper reports, police report,article,letters,journals,historical accounts,diary,
Language Features
- Nouns,,man,journey,town,etc
- Pronouns,,it, he, him, his etc,,
- Action verbs,,wanted, decided,ate,etc,,
- Past tense,,a rich man wanted to make a journey to another town
- Time conjuction,,before, finally,,etc
- Adverbs,,quickly,,cheerfully.,,
- Adverbs of phrases,,a few
- Adjectives,, old , clever,light,heavy,etc,,
Contoh Recount Texts
The Clever Servant
This is an old story. It was first told long ago. A rich man wanted to make a journey to another town. He was a businessman. He wanted to take things to sell. He also wanted to take gold to buy things with. He decided to take ten servants with him. They would carry the things to sell and the gold and also food to eat on the journey.
He was a kind man. He said to one of his servants “you are the smallest ,the thinnest and the weakest of all my servants. You can not carry a heavy load. You must choose the lightest load to carry.’
The servants thanked his master for his kindness. He pointed to the biggest load. This was bread to eat on the journey.
His master said,”you are foolish. That is the biggest and heaviest load.”but the servant picked up the load cheerfully and the journey began. They walked for four hours. Then they stopped for a rest. They all ate some of the bread. There was less bread for the servants to carry. The servant’s load grew smaller and lighter every day. At the end of the journey, the servants had nothing to carry.
Spoof Text
Communicative purpose :To tell an event with a humorous twist.
Text organization
- Orientation :Presents the background information of the story (who,when and where)
- Events :Tells a series of events that took place in a choronological order.
- Twist :Ends the story with an unexpected ending.
Examples of spoof texts : Short stories
Language Features
- Simple past tense,they often spent time together
- Pronouns,,he , her,him. etc
- Adjective,,younger,older,,
- Adverbs,often,eventually,etc,,
- Action verbs,,spent,washed,etc,,
- Time connectors,,months later,when they got married,etc,,
- Sequence connectors,first,finally,etc,,
Contoh spoof texts 1
New Baby
A woman is sitting at home entertaining her parenst who have come around to congratulate her on birth of their first grandchild .
“so, when can we see theb baby ? asks the grandmother. In a little while ‘ replies the mother.
Some time passes. The grandparents are looking quite anxious at this point,.
“ so when we can see the baby ? asks the grandmother .
When the baby starts crying “replies the mother .
The grandparents turn to look at each other, a little perplexed and ask “ why do we have to wait until she starts crying ? the mother snaps back,” because I put her down somewhere this morning and I can’t remember where she is’.
Contoh Spoof Texts 2
Magic Mirror
So there are three girl : an ugly redhead, a fat brunette, and a dumb blonde.
The three girl are at a historical inn. They stop to take a tour. The innkeeper showed them a mirror. He said that if you tell a lie in front of, you disappear.
The ugly redhead goes up to the mirror and says “ I think I’m pretty” and POOF! She disappear.
Thyen the fat brunette goes up to the mirror and says “ I think I’m slim” And POOF! She was gone too.the dumb blonde goes up to the mirror and says” I think” and POOF! She was gone.
News item
Communicative purpose
Communicative purpose :To inform the readres or listeners of the detail of events,accidents or incidents that have happened.
Text Organization
- Newsworthy event :Provides the place where the events took place.it also gives information on who,when and the actual location of the events.
- Background events “Tell the events that took place in chronological orgeder.they usually contain general commants on the events and quotes from people involved in the events.
- Sources :Signal the end of the events. They usually include comments from the public like the witness, the police or the experts.
Example of news item texts :Informative articles
Language Features
- Action verbs,,record,raise,infect,
- Adjectives,,fatal,strained,,
- Connectors,,after,before, etc,
- Pronouns,it,they,etc,,
- Adverbs,,slowly,immensely,,etc,,
- Present tense,,indonesia has recorded another human case of the H5N1 strain of bird flu,etc,,
- Past tense,,the indonesia health ministry had reported that a 16 yesr old girl from west java province has been hospitalized since jan. 4 with symptoms of the disease.
- The use of the journalist’s 5 W’s (what,where,when,who,why,)
Contoh news item
UN: Indonesia record human case of bird flu
Ganeva (AP) : Indonesia has recorded another human case of the H5N1 dtarin of bird flu,raising its world-leading total to 117 cases.according to the world health organization.
The agency said Friday night that the Indonesia health ministry had reported that a 16- year –old girl from west jave province has been hospitalized since jan. 4 with symptoms of the disease. It said the strain had been confirmed as H5N1 .
Of the total number of human case in Indonesia, 94 have been fatal. WHO says that globally 349 people have been infected with H5N1 since the 2003 outbreak of the disease. Of those, 216 have died.
After Indonesia the country with the next highes number of cases is Vietnam with 101, followed by Egypt with 43,according to the U.N health agency.
(adapted from the Jakarta post, January 15, 2008)
Procedure
Communicative Purpose :To tell the steps in doing or making something in a sequential order.
Text Organization
- Goal :States an opening statement with an objective.
- Materials :(optional) list the materials or items needed.
- Steps :Provide a series of steps listed in a logical order.
Example of procedure texts :Instruction manuals, recipes
Contoh Procedure Texts
Pancake
Ingredients :
- 2 cups all- purpose flour, sifted before measuring
- ½ teaspoon salt
- 1 ½ cups milk
- 2 tablespoon melted butter.
Stir together flour,baking powder and salt, in a separate bowl, combine eggand milk. Then add to flour mixture, stirring only until smooth, after that , blend in melted butter. Cook on a hot ,greased griddle, using about ¼ cup of batter for each pancake. Cook until brown on one side and around edge; turn and brown the other side, recipe for pancake serves 4.
Report
Communicative Purpose
Communicative Purpose :To give factual information aboutn a specific subject.
Text Organization
- General Classification :Introduces the topic of the report.
- Identification: Describe the subject in detail, e.g its qualities, appearances, uses, habits or behaviours.s
Example of Report Texts :Science reports, weather reports.
Contoh Report Texts
Tornados
A tornado is a powerful, twisting wind storm. It’s one of the most destructive storms on earth. A tornado is also called a waterspout.
A tornado is a long cloud which comes down from the sky. It”s shaped like funnel and consist of wind which whirls around and around extremely fats,the wind can reach a speed of more than 900 km per hour.
Most tornadoes form a long a front ( boundary) beteen cool, dry air and warm, humid air. Weather scientist are unable to know exactly when tornados will occur.fortunately, the tornado is not usually very big and it does not last long.
Description
Communicative Purpose
Communicative Purpose :To describe a particular person,place or thing
Text Organization
- Identification :Introduce who, where or what is being described.
- Description :Describes the characteristics,parts and qualities of the subject being described.
Examples of Descriptive Texts :Biographies,autobiographies,magazines specifications ( state what kind and characteristics of materials used )
Contoh Description :
Review
Communicative purpose :To critique an art work or event for a public audience ,To to summarise,analyse and respond to art works.
Text organization
- Orientation :Background information on the text.
- Interpretative Recount :Summary of an art work.
- Evalution :Concluding statement :judgement,opinioun,or recommendation
- Evaluative Summation :The last opinioun consisting of the apprasisal.
Contoh Review Texts
Harry Potter and the chamber of secret
Orientation
The book take place in modern times,in England. The main character is harry potter is a wizard. He goes to school for witches and wizards, called Hogwarts.
Interpretative Recount
It’s harry’s second year at Hogwarts and his two best friends,Hermione granger and ron weasly are having a great time learning magic. There is a new professor ,gilderoy lockhart who all the witches are crazy about professor lockart keeps naghing harry, because the professor thinks that harry tries to get attentioun to be famous ,while all the witches at school love the new ptofessor, all of the wizard think he is a big joke! After a month of school at Hogwarts, strange attack begin to happen.first the character’s cat, mrs Norris has been found not dead but petrified ! not only was filch’s cat attacked but some of the muggle-born students at Hogwarts have been found petrified, also, naturally all of the students are frightened at this, but they become even more scared when the next victim to be found petrified is the grynfindor ghost, nearly headless nick!
Evaluation
What kind of moster is powerfull enough to kill someone who is alredy dead? Who will be the next victim of the moster at hogwart ? will the victim ever be revived ? to find out you must reda harry potter and the chamber of secrets ! I have to say that the story ha bright fatpaced,intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.
Evaluation Summatioun
I like this book because it kept me wanting to raed next page and the next and so on. The book is definetly a page-turner ! I recommend this book to nine years old and over
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